Scientists have potentially unlocked how to use fava beans to improve the texture and mouthfeel of meat alternatives. A recent study conducted at Germany's Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology (and published in Foods) marks the first time scientists have decoded how plant proteins interact with cells responsible for our perception of food texture, according to reporting at Phys.org.
This development addresses one of the biggest challenges for plant-based food adoption — making meat alternatives feel more like the real thing. Many people want to reduce their meat consumption for environmental and health reasons, but texture has remained a key barrier.
Nevertheless, the global plant-based food market, which reached $29.4 billion in sales in 2020, is projected to grow to $161.9 billion by 2030, per Phys.org.
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The research team, led by Melanie Köhler, investigated special protein structures called nanofibrils derived from fava beans. Using state-of-the-art atomic force microscopy, they examined how these tiny protein molecules interact with human taste receptor cells. The team found that the fava bean proteins can influence both texture perception and the sensation of fattiness in foods, two crucial factors in creating satisfying meat alternatives.
"Although our research is still in its early stages, our biophysical and biochemical results already suggest how nanofibrils can influence the perception of texture and fat," Köhler is quoted as saying in the article. "Therefore, we want to deepen our new findings in future experiments and sensory studies. In the long run, we want to find new applications for plant-based nanofibrils to develop sensorially appealing foods with improved texture."
This innovation aligns with efforts from companies like Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods, which are working to make plant-based options more appealing to mainstream consumers. The technology could help reduce the environmental impact of food production while making it easier for people to choose climate-friendly options that taste great and are better for their health.
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While the research is still in the early stages, the team plans to conduct further experiments and sensory studies to refine their understanding. Food manufacturers could potentially begin incorporating these fava bean protein structures into their products within the next few years, offering consumers more satisfying plant-based alternatives that are better for both personal and planetary health.
To explore more plant-based options and their benefits, be sure to check out The Cool Down's guide to eating more vegetables and less meat.
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